مقالات انگلیسی مربوط به کامپیوتر 1

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]
Computer Basics

Getting to Know Mobile Devices :9

[h=3]Smartphones

A smartphone is a powerful mobile phone that is designed to run a variety of applications in addition to phone service. They are basically small tablet computers, and they can be used for web browsing, watching videos, reading e-books, playing games and more.

Smartphones use touchscreens and operating systems similar to those used by tablet computers. Many of them use a virtual keyboard, but others (such as the BlackBerry Bold) have a physical keyboard, which allows the entire screen to be used for display purposes.
Internet access is an important feature of smartphones. Generally, you will need to purchase a 3G or 4G data plan in addition to normal cell service. Smartphones can also connect to Wi-Fi when it is available, which is usually faster than 3G.
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a mobile device that is used for managing phone numbers, addresses, calendars, and other information. Before smartphones existed, a PDA was usually a separate device. Today, smartphones combine the functionality of a PDA and a mobile phone.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Getting to Know Mobile Devices :9

[h=3]Challenge!

Think about how a tablet computer is different from a laptop. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of a tablet computer?

If you're thinking about buying an e-reader, think about what kinds of things you like to read. Do you mostly read books or magazines? What kind of screen do you think would be best?

Smartphones can have virtual keyboards or physical keyboards. What are some advantages and disadvantages for each one?

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

[h=2]Setting Up a Computer :10
[h=3]Setting Up a Computer

You have a new computer and are ready to set it up. While this may seem like an overwhelming and difficult task, it is really very simple. It does not matter what name brand of computer you have, as most computers are set up in a very similar way.
If you are setting up a newly purchased computer that is still in the box, you will probably find a how-to guide in the packaging that includes step-by-step details. However, even if it didn't include instructions, you can still set up the computer in just a few easy steps. In this lesson, we'll go through the different steps that are needed to set up a typical computer.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

[h=3]Setting Up a Laptop Computer

If you have a laptop, then setup should be very easy: just open it up and press the power button. If the battery isn't charged, you'll need to plug in the AC adapter. You can continue using the laptop while it charges.

If your laptop has any peripherals, such as external speakers, you may want to read the instructions below, since laptops and desktops generally use the same types of connections.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

[h=3]Setting Up a Desktop Computer [h=4]Step 1

Unpack the monitor and computer case from the box. Remove any plastic covering or protective tape. Place the monitor and the computer case where you wish on the desk or work area.

Think about where you want your desk or work area to be located, and where you want your monitor, computer case, and other hardware. Be sure to place your computer case in an area that is well ventilated and that has good air flow. This will help to prevent overheating.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4]Step 2

Locate the monitor cable. It will usually be either a VGA or a DVI cable. VGA cables will often have blue connectors to make them easier to identify. (If you have an all-in-one computer that's built into the monitor, you can skip to Step 4).

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4]Step 3

Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the back of the computer case, and the other end to the monitor. Hand-tighten the plastic-covered screws on the monitor cable to secure it.

Many computer cables will only fit a specific way. If the cable doesn't fit, don't force it, or you might damage the connectors. Make sure the plug aligns with the port, and then connect it.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4]Step 4

Unpack the keyboard and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the purple keyboard port on the back of the computer.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4]Step 5

Unpack the mouse and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the green mouse port on the back of the computer.

If your keyboard has a USB port, you can connect your mouse to the keyboard instead of connecting it directly to your computer.

If you have a wireless mouse or keyboard, you may need to connect a Bluetooth dongle (USB adapter) to your computer. However, many computers have built-in Bluetooth, so a dongle may not be necessary.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4][h=4]Step 6

If you have external speakers or headphones, you can connect them to your computer's audio port (either on the front or the back of the computer case). Many computers have color-coded ports. Speakers or headphones connect to the green port, and a microphone can connect to the pink port. The blue port is the line in, which can be used with other types of devices.

Some speakers, headphones, and microphones have USB connectors instead of the usual audio plug. These can be connected to any USB port. In addition, many computers have speakers or microphones built into the monitor.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

[h=2]

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4]Step 7

Locate the two power supply cables that came with your computer. Plug the first power supply cable into the back of the computer case, and then into a surge protector. Then, using the other cable, connect the monitor to the surge protector.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

[h=4]Step 8

Finally, plug the surge protector into a wall outlet. You may also need to turn the surge protector on if it has a power switch.

If you don't have a surge protector, you can plug the computer directly into the wall. However, this is not recommended, as electrical surges can damage your computer.
[h=4]Setup Complete
Your basic computer hardware is now set up. Before you start it up, spend a little time arranging your workspace. A workspace that is arranged well can improve your productivity and also promote health.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Setting Up a Computer :10

[h=3]Challenge!

If you have a desktop computer that is already set up at home, take a look at it.

Look at the monitor cable and see where it connects to the computer case and monitor.

Locate the power cords for the monitor and computer case.

Locate the audio ports.

Does your computer have a VGA monitor port, or some other kind?

Do you have a USB or PS/2 mouse?

Do you have a USB or PS/2 keyboard?

Is your computer plugged into a surge protector?

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics
[h=2]
Beginning to Use Your Computer :11

[h=3]Starting Up a New Computer When you start up a brand-new computer for the first time, it will walk you through several steps to set up and personalize your computer. These steps usually only take a few minutes, and some of them are optional. The exact steps will vary depending on what type of operating system you are using, but here are a few things that you will usually be able to do:

Choose a language and location: Your operating system may have many different languages installed, so you'll need to choose the one that you want to use. You may also have the option of choosing your location.

Watch a welcome video: Your computer may play a brief welcome video during the setup process, so it's a good idea to turn your speakers on to get the full experience.

Create a profile or account name: Your computer will need to have at least one account name that you will use to sign in. You can also choose to create a password for extra security. If other people will be using the computer, you can set up a separate account for each person later on.

Choose a wireless network: If you have an existing wireless network, you can select it during the setup process. If you don't have one, you can skip this step (we'll talk about internet and network settings in Lesson 13: Connecting to the Internet).

Register your computer: You'll probably have the option of registering your computer, which will send your name, address, and other information to the computer company. If you don't want to register at this point, you can skip it.

If you're not sure what to do at a particular step, read the instructions on the screen carefully. There may be a recommended option that you can choose, which will keep setup as simple as possible. In addition, some steps are optional, so if you're still not sure, you can skip it.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Beginning to Use Your Computer :11

Migrating Your Files and Settings

If you have another computer that has all of your files and settings, you'll probably want to copy them to the new computer. This is known as migrating. It's possible to manually move your files using an external hard drive, DVD-ROM discs, or an existing home network. This can be time-consuming, and you may not be able to move all of your settings to the new computer.
However, your computer probably has a built-in tool to help you migrate your files and settings, and it may appear automatically during the setup process. This tool will let you choose what you want to move, and then it will automatically move the selected items to the new computer. PCs and Macs have different tools for this purpose:

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Beginning to Use Your Computer :11

Installing Peripherals

If you have a printer, scanner, webcam, or other peripherals, you can connect them at this point. Many peripherals are plug and play, which means they will be recognized by your computer as soon as they are plugged in. Other peripherals may include software that needs to be installed before you can begin using them. Use the instructions included with the device to install it if necessary.Generally, peripherals are optional, and you can add new ones at any time — you don't have to add all peripherals during the initial setup of your computer.

[h=3]Setup Complete!

You have now finished setting up your computer, and you can start using it. In the next lesson, we'll go over the basics of using your operating system so that you can begin to become comfortable with the way your computer works.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Beginning to Use Your Computer :11

[h=3]Challenge!

[*=left]Is your computer brand-new, or is it used? If it is brand-new, what are some of the setup steps you had to take when you first turned it on?
[*=left]If you have old files on another computer, how will you move them to the new computer? Does your computer have a built-in tool to help you do this?
[*=left]How many people use your computer? Would it make sense to create multiple accounts?
[*=left]Try creating a strong password. What makes a password strong?

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

[h=2]Getting to Know the OS :12
[h=3]Getting to Know Your Computer's OS

The screen that you see when your computer has finished starting up is called the desktop. Depending on what kind of operating system you have, the desktop will look different, but it generally consists of menus at the bottom, top, and/or sides of the screen, with the rest of the screen containing a desktop background (or wallpaper). The desktop background area can also contain any files, applications, or shortcuts that you want to have quick access to.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Getting to Know the OS :12

[h=3]Shutting Down Your Computer When you're done using your computer, it's important to shut it down properly. Depending on your operating system, the exact procedure for shutting down will vary.
[h=4]To Shut Down Windows 8:

Hover the mouse in the lower-right corner to access the Charms bar, then select Settings.

The Settings charm

Click Power and select Shut down.
Shutting down the computer

[h=4]To Shut Down Windows 7 or Vista:

Click the Start button and then select the Shut down button (or the power button icon in Vista). You can also click the arrow to the right of the Shut down button for more options.

By default, if you click the power button icon in Vista, your computer will go to Sleep instead of shutting down. Sleep turns off most of your computer's processes, but it remembers which applications and files are open. This allows your computer to start up more quickly, since you don't have to wait for the operating system and applications to load.
[h=4]To Shut Down Windows XP:

Click the Start button and then select Turn Off Computer.

[h=4]To Shut Down Mac OS X:

Click the Apple icon and then select Shut Down.

Gjust · 2013 , January 11

Computer Basics

Getting to Know the OS :12

Your Computer's File System

A computer uses folders to organize all of the different files and applications that it contains. A folder looks like a file, except the icon is shaped like a folder. To find a specific file, you will navigate to the correct folder using a specialized application such as Windows Explorer (for PCs - not to be confused with Internet Explorer) or Finder (for Macs).

To Open Windows Explorer (PC):

[*=left]Click the Windows Explorer icon on the taskbar, or double-click any folder on your desktop. A Windows Explorer window will open.

In Windows 8, Windows Explorer is called File Explorer.

To Open Finder (Mac):

[*=left]Click the Finder icon on the Dock, or double-click any folder on your desktop. A Finder window will open up.

Basic Navigation

Whether you're using Windows Explorer or Finder, basic navigation is the same. If you see the file that you want, you can double-click it. Otherwise, you can use the Navigation pane on the left side of the window to select a different location.

Deleting Files

Windows and OS X use a Trash can (or Recycle Bin) to prevent you from accidentally deleting files. When you delete a file, it is simply moved to the Trash can. If you change your mind, you can move the file back to its original location. If you're sure you want to permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the trash.

To Delete a File on a PC:

[*=left]Click and drag the file onto the Recycle Bin icon on the Desktop. Alternatively, you can select the file and then press the Delete key.
[*=left]To empty the trash, right-click the Recycle Bin icon and select Empty Recycle Bin. All files in the Recycle Bin will be permanently deleted.

To Delete a File on a Mac:

[*=left]Click and drag the file onto the Trash icon on the Dock. Alternatively, you can select the file and then press Command-Delete.
[*=left]To empty the trash, right-click the Trash icon and select Empty Trash. All files in the Trash will be permanently deleted.

On some Macs, right-clicking may be disabled by default. If you're unable to right-click, you can just click and hold the Trash icon until you see the Empty Trash option.

مقالات انگلیسی مربوط به کامپیوتر 1

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