مترادف ها (Synonyms ) در زبان انگليسي (‌اسم ، صفت ،‌قيد )

[melika]

سلام
مشکل عمده بسیاری از ما هنگام صحبت کردن به زبان انگليسي انتخاب واژگان مناسب از میان کلماتی است که هم معنی هستند ولی جایگاه استفاده از آنها متفاوت است یا هم معنی به نظر می رسند و در حقیقت از نظر موضوعی به هم مرتبط هستند اما با معنای متفاوت به کار می روند
برای مثال دو لغت talkative , chatty از نظر معنا تقریبا مشابهند ولی مورد بکار رفتن آنها می توانند متفاوت باشد و به عنوان مثال برای لغاتی که از نظر موضوعی مرتبط هستند اما معنای کاملا متفاوت دارند می توان به walk , tiptoe , crawl
اشاره کرد که هر سه مربوط به راه رفتن هستن اما در حقیقت هر کدام نوع خاصی از حرکت را بیان می کنند . در اینجا walk به معناهای راه رفتن ، tiptoe به معنای راه رفتن روی نوک پنجه ( آهسته و بی سر و صدا راه رفتن ) است . پس هر دو بر راه رفتن دلالت دارند ولی هر کدام نوع خاصی از راه رفتن را بیان می کنند . در این پست به واژگانی با این ماهیت ( اسم ، صفت ،‌قيد )که به آنها نیاز دارید می پردازیم . اگر کلمه خاصی مد نظر شماست که هم معناهای آن را نمی دانید بفرمایید تا حتما قرار داده شود .
امیدوارم مفید واقع شود

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
friendly behaving towards someone in a way that shows you like them and are ready to talk to them or help them : a friendly smile | The local people are very friendly.
warm [ usually before noun ] friendly and caring about other people, in a way that makes people like you and feel comfortable : He was such a warm caring person and everyone loved him. | We received a very warm welcome .
nice especially spoken friendly and kind : Chris is a nice guy. I’m sure you’ll get on with him. | He wasn’t very nice to the other children.
amiable / ˈeɪmiəb ə l / formal friendly and easy to like : Tom was an amiable young man.
welcoming friendly to someone who has just arrived somewhere : a welcoming smile | The group are very welcoming to new members.
hospitable friendly and eager to make visitors comfortable : I found Japanese people to be very hospitable.
genial formal behaving in a cheerful and friendly way : a genial host | She was in a genial mood.
cordial formal friendly and polite but formal : The two nations have always maintained cordial relations.
approachable friendly and easy to talk to – used especially about people in important positions : The head teacher is very approachable

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
person
hot used especially when you feel uncomfortable : I feel really hot. | The travellers were hot, tired, and thirsty.
warm a little hot, especially in a way that feels comfortable : Are you warm enough? | We had to keep moving in order to keep warm.
boiling (hot) spoken very hot : You must be boiling in that sweater! | ‘I’m going for a swim,' said Gary. ’I’m boiling.' | I felt boiling hot and tried to open one of the windows.
feverish feeling very hot because you are ill : His head ached and he felt feverish. | Hannah was slightly feverish, so we decided to call the doctor.
weather
hot used especially when you feel uncomfortable : a hot day | It’s too hot to do any work.
warm a little hot, especially in a way that seems pleasant : a warm summer’s evening | It’s supposed to be a bit warmer tomorrow.
boiling (hot) spoken very hot : The weather was boiling hot. | a boiling hot day | It was absolutely boiling this lunchtime.
baking (hot) British English very hot and dry : a baking hot afternoon | The weather was baking hot and conditions at the camp became unbearable. | It’s baking out there in the garden – I need a drink.
scorching (hot) very hot : It was another scorching hot July day. | When we got there, the weather was scorching. | Arizona is scorching hot every day.
humid/muggy hot and damp : This week sees a return to more humid conditions. | Hong Kong gets very humid at this time of year. | In June the weather was often muggy in the evenings. | It was a warm muggy afternoon, and it looked like it would rain.
room
hot used especially when you feel uncomfortable : The office was uncomfortably hot. | The meeting was in a tiny hot room with no air conditioning.
warm a little hot, especially in a way that seems pleasant : It’s nice and warm by the fire. | They were all sitting in the warm kitchen, sipping mugs of cocoa.
boiling (hot) spoken very hot : It’s boiling in here. Can I open the window? | a boiling hot New York recording studio
like an oven much too hot in a way that is uncomfortable – used about rooms and buildings : The inside of the shed was like an oven.
food/liquid/something you touch
hot : a hot drink | hot meals | Eat your food while it’s hot.
warm a little hot, especially in a way that seems pleasant : The bread was still warm from the oven. | the warm waters of the Caribbean
boiling (hot) spoken very hot : The water’s boiling hot. | Boiling-hot steam shoots out from underground. | The mud in the pools is boiling.
lukewarm / ˌluːkˈwɔːm◂ $ -ˈwɔːrm◂ / slightly warm, but not hot enough – used about liquids : a cup of lukewarm coffee | The bath water was lukewarm

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
the feeling of being worried
worry the feeling of not being happy or relaxed and thinking a lot about a problem or something that is wrong : She was sick with worry over her daughter. | the look of worry on his face
anxiety the feeling of being worried because you think that something bad has happened or will happen, and you feel that you have no control over the situation : The thought of having to give a speech filled me with anxiety. | The increase in heating costs is causing a lot of anxiety among elderly people.
concern a worried feeling – use this especially when many people are worried about a problem that affects everyone : The shortage of water is beginning to cause widespread concern.
stress the feeling of being worried all the time, for example about work or personal problems, which can make you ill or very tired : Her financial problems were causing her a lot of stress.
anguish a feeling of extreme mental suffering caused by worry : How could her parents survive the anguish of not knowing what had happened to her? | When she spoke, her voice was full of anguish.
angst a strong feeling of worry and anxiety because you are worried about your life, your future, or what you should do in a particular situation : The letter was full of teenage angst - would she ever be able to find another boyfriend? | There was much angst about the decision

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
angry feeling strong emotions because you think someone has behaved badly, or because a situation seems bad or unfair : He gets really angry if people keep him waiting. | a crowd of angry protesters
mad [ not before noun ] informal angry : Dad was mad at me for damaging the car.
cross [ not before noun ] spoken rather angry – used when speaking to people you know well : She was cross with me for being late.
annoyed [ not before noun ] a little angry : I was annoyed no one had told me the class was cancelled.
irritated annoyed and impatient, especially by something that keeps happening or something someone keeps saying : I was irritated by their stupid questions. | an irritated voice
bad-tempered becoming annoyed or angry easily : a bad-tempered old man | He’s always bad-tempered when he doesn’t get what he wants.
in a bad/foul mood feeling a little angry for a period of time, often for no particular reason : I woke up in a bad mood. | She’s been in a foul mood all morning.
in a huff / hʌf / in an angry mood for a short time, especially because someone has just said something to offend or annoy you : He walked off in a huff when they refused to let him join in their game.
somebody has got up on the wrong side of the bed informal used when you think someone has been in an angry mood all day, for no particular reason – often used humorously : I don’t know what’s wrong – she must have got up on the wrong side of the bed today.
extremely angry
furious/livid extremely angry : She was furious when she found out he’d been lying to her. | He looked absolutely livid.
outraged very angry and shocked by something you think is unfair or wrong : Most people were outraged by the 9/11 attacks. | complaints from outraged viewers
incandescent with rage British English formal extremely angry – used mainly in writing, for example in newspaper reports : Gordon Brown was reported to be incandescent with rage over the article.
lose your temper to suddenly become very angry and start shouting at someone : It was the first time I’d seen her lose her temper

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
happy : Are you happy in your new job? | The film has a happy ending. | a happy childhood
cheerful looking happy : a cheerful face/expression | The room looked bright and cheerful (= it made you feel good ) . | He seems a lot more cheerful today.
be in a good mood to feel happy and relaxed : It was the day before the vacation and everyone was in a good mood.
contented written feeling happy with your life, job, situation etc : He was contented with his job as a cycle mechanic. | She sat down with a contented expression on her face.
pleased/glad [ not before noun ] happy because something good has happened : I’m pleased I passed my exam. | He was glad to see someone that he knew.
very happy
delighted [ not before noun ] very happy because something good has happened : The doctors say they are delighted with her progress.
thrilled [ not before noun ] very happy and excited about something : He’s thrilled at the idea of going to Disneyworld.
overjoyed [ not before noun ] very happy because you have heard some good news : She was overjoyed when she found out that her son was safe.
be on top of the world ( also be over the moon British English ) [ not before noun ] informal to be very happy : I was over the moon when I won the championship.
ecstatic extremely happy : The crowd were ecstatic, and cheered wildly. | ecstatic fans
blissful a blissful time is one in which you feel extremely happy : We stayed on the islands for two blissful weeks. | It sounded blissful – sea, sun, and good food

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
person/voice/behaviour
unfriendly/not friendly behaving towards someone in a way that shows you are not interested in them or are not ready to talk to them or help them : The hotel staff were unfriendly and unhelpful. | an unfriendly tone of voice | They didn't seem very friendly to strangers. | She gave him an unfriendly glance.
hostile very unfriendly, and ready to argue or fight : He was openly hostile towards me when I arrived. | A hostile crowd gathered oustide the US embassy.
cold behaving towards other people as if you do not like them or care about them : He gave her a cold stare. | a cold voice
frosty unfriendly, especially because you are angry with someone : When she spoke, her tone was frosty. | He got a frosty reception from his wife when he finally returned home (= she was not very friendly towards him ) .
aloof [ not before noun ] not wanting to talk to other people or spend time with them, especially because you think you are better than them : Some politicians are criticized for being too aloof.
antagonistic unfriendly and always trying to start arguments with someone : Why are Kate and John so antagonistic towards each other?
antisocial not interested in meeting other people or forming friendly relationships with them : Sorry if I'm being antisocial, but I need to get my work done. | He was an antisocial loner with no friends.
place/organization
unfriendly making you feel as though you are not wanted : The report found that the Church can seem unfriendly to outsiders.
unwelcoming unfriendly - used especially about the physical characteristics or appearance of something : The entrance to the factory is cold, bare, and unwelcoming. | The new fence is just one example of the city’s attempt to make public spaces unwelcoming to the homeless.
impersonal lacking the normal friendly relations between people who work or do business together : I had no desire to work for a large impersonal organization. | They just handed over the keys and walked out – it was all so impersonal.
forbidding unfriendly, uncomfortable, and a little frightening, so that you do not want to go there : The school was a rather forbidding building surrounded by a high steel fence

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
person
beautiful a beautiful woman or child has perfect good looks : Grace Kelly was a very beautiful woman. | a beautiful baby
good-looking a good-looking person looks nice. Good-looking is very common in spoken English : He’s a good-looking guy, but he’s a bit boring. | Do you think she’s good-looking?
attractive an attractive person looks nice, especially in a way that makes you feel ***ually interested in them : She’s a very attractive woman. | A lot of women find him attractive.
pretty a pretty girl or woman looks nice – used especially about a woman who has a nice face : You look pretty with your hair down. | She has a very pretty face.
handsome a handsome man or boy looks nice – used especially about a man who has a nice face. Handsome is also sometimes used, especially in literature, to describe a woman who is good-looking and has a strong face : He was tall, dark, and handsome. | She was a big, handsome woman.
gorgeous/stunning spoken extremely attractive. Gorgeous is used especially by women : She thinks Brad Pitt is gorgeous. | You look absolutely stunning in that dress!
cute spoken nice to look at – used about animals, babies, children, and young adults : a cute little puppy | She thinks you’re cute!
lovely especially British English spoken used when saying that someone looks very nice : You look lovely tonight.
place/thing etc
beautiful used to describe something that looks, feels, sounds etc so good that it gives you a lot of pleasure : a beautiful tropical beach | a beautiful song | The weather was beautiful.
lovely especially British English spoken used when saying that something looks, feels, or sounds very nice : What a lovely day! | a lovely voice | a lovely perfume
pretty pleasant to look at – often used about things that are not big or impressive : a pretty little pink dress | a pretty village
attractive pleasant to look at. Attractive sounds more formal than pretty : an attractive white-painted cottage with green shutters | an attractive city
magnificent very big, beautiful, and impressive – used about buildings, objects, and views : The Taj Mahal always looks magnificent. | a magnificent Persian carpet | There were magnificent views over the old city.
picturesque written pleasant to look at – used in written descriptions of towns, buildings, and places : the picturesque harbour town of Castleton | Regensburg Cathedral occupies a picturesque position on the River Danube in Bavaria.
stunning/breathtaking extremely beautiful and impressive – used especially about views : All around is a stunning view of Cape Town. | The landscape is breathtaking.
exquisite / ɪkˈskwɪzət, ɪkˈskwɪzɪt, ˈekskwɪ- / used to describe things that have very beautiful small details, especially things that have been made with a lot of skill : an exquisite piece of jewellery | an exquisite flower | an exquisite picture of a bird of paradise
elegant designed in a way that looks very attractive and has a lot of style : an elegant Neo-Classical building | a long and elegant staircase
​

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
calm not getting angry, nervous, or upset, even in a difficult situation : We’ll talk about this later when you’re feeling calmer. | Everyone praised Douglas for the calm way in which he handled the situation.
relaxed not worried about anything, especially so that people feel comfortable : Looking relaxed and confident, the president answered questions from the press. | There was a relaxed atmosphere.
chilled-out ( also chilled ) informal very relaxed and not worried – used especially by young people : I’m much more chilled-out about the whole thing this year.
laid-back informal someone who is laid-back is always relaxed and never seems to get worried or annoyed about anything : I like his laid-back attitude to life. | My parents are pretty laid-back and don’t mind me staying out late.
mellow informal relaxed, friendly, and happy, especially after drinking alcohol : After a few drinks, everyone was pretty mellow.
cool informal staying calm and not showing your emotions, especially when other people are getting excited or angry : He is the kind of player who always manages to stay cool, even under pressure. | She was as cool as a cucumber (= very cool ) .
keep your head to manage to stay calm and behave in a sensible way in a difficult or frightening situation : In this job you need to be good at keeping your head in a crisis

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
not cheating, stealing, lying etc
honest always saying what is true, and not cheating, stealing etc : I liked them because they were good honest people. | You can trust Noah – he’s totally honest.
reputable known to be honest and good in your business or work – used about people, companies, or organizations : It’s best to buy from a reputable company. | They were highly reputable sports physicians.
above board [ not before noun ] honest and legal – used about the way something is done, organized etc : The deal was entirely above board. | Was the voting in the elections above board?
upright written always behaving in an honest way : an upright citizen | George was an upright man from a military family.
not hiding the truth or the facts
honest saying what you really think and not hiding the truth or the facts : I’m going to ask you something, and I want you to be honest with me. | an honest answer | To be honest, I didn’t think his speech was very good.
straight informal honest and saying what you really think : I can’t help you if you’re not straight with me. | I need a straight answer.
open willing to talk about what you think, feel etc in an honest way, rather than trying to hide it : People have become more open about their feelings. | She’s very easy to talk to because she’s so open.
frank speaking honestly and directly about something, especially something that people find difficult to discuss : In his book, he’s brutally frank about his experience with his illness. | a frank discussion about ***
direct saying exactly what you think in an honest clear way, even when this might annoy or upset people : Not everyone liked his direct manner. | She can be very direct.
blunt speaking in a completely honest way, even if it upsets people, when it would be better to be more careful or polite : Sorry if I was a bit blunt with you. | His hard tone and blunt words were hurtful. | She didn’t reply and I knew I had been too blunt.
upfront [ not before noun ] informal talking and behaving in an honest way, even when it is difficult to do this, in a way that people respect : It’s best to be upfront about your financial problems. | You have to be upfront with kids.
outspoken expressing your opinions publicly in a very direct way, which may offend or annoy some people : an outspoken critic of the government | He was known for his outspoken views on various controversies.
forthright formal saying exactly what what you think, without being afraid of what other people will think : The opposition have not come up with a clear forthright statement of their policies. | At times, Helena was a little too forthright.
candid formal honest about the facts, or about your opinions and feelings, even if other people disapprove of them : He’d always been completely candid about his past. | It was an unusually candid admission for a politician

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
proud very pleased with what you, your family, or your country have achieved, or of something you own : I felt so proud when my son graduated from college. | Judith’s very proud of her new Ferrari.
pleased with yourself feeling pleased because something good has happened, especially because you think you have been very clever, skilful etc : He was smoking a big cigar and was obviously pleased with himself. | I’d made a big profit and was feeling pretty pleased with myself.
arrogant disapproving behaving in an unpleasant and annoying way, because you think you are better or know more than other people, and that your opinions are always right : He was arrogant and regarded people who disagreed with him as fools. | his arrogant attitude to women
vain disapproving too proud of your appearance, in a way that annoys other people : He’s so vain – he thinks all the girls fancy him.
conceited/big-headed disapproving proud of yourself because you think you are very intelligent, skilful, beautiful etc, especially without good reason and in a way that annoys people : Stewart’s the most arrogant conceited person I’ve ever known. | She was offered a brilliant job and became incredibly big-headed overnight.
pompous disapproving thinking that you are much more important than you really are, and using very long and formal words to try to sound important : The clerk was a pompous little man with glasses. | a pompous speech
smug disapproving pleased with yourself in a quiet but annoying way because you think you are in a better position than other people : Milly was looking very smug about coming top of the class. | a smug expression
self-satisfied disapproving pleased with what you have achieved and showing it clearly in an annoying way : She glared angrily into his self-satisfied face. | a self-satisfied grin ​

 

[melika]

THESAURUS
selfish thinking only about what you need or want, and not thinking about how other people feel or what other people want – used especially when criticizing a person or their behaviour : Amy, don’t be selfish. Let the others have a turn. | 'I’m not doing this for selfish reasons,' he said. | It was a very selfish thing to do.
egocentric ( also self-centred British English , self-centered American English ) believing that what you do and think is the most important thing, and not paying attention to what anyone else thinks or does – used when describing someone’s personality : Teenagers can be highly egocentric, and sometimes find it difficult to see another person’s point of view. | Children start off as self-centred little beings and they do not naturally think of the other person.
egotistical believing that you are better or more important than other people : Like many famous writers I’ve met, he was arrogant and egotistical. | He’s just another young player who has gone out of control in the increasingly egotistical world of professional sports.
self-serving only thinking of getting advantages for yourself : People’s fears are exaggerated by self-serving politicians. | They described the report as ‘self-serving and contradictory’.
think of nobody but yourself ( also only think about yourself ) to only think of what you want to do, and not consider what other people want – often used when criticizing someone who does this : The trouble with Alan is that he thinks of nobody but himself. | Before I had children, I only thought about myself and what I wanted.
it’s always me me me! informal used when criticizing someone for being selfish : It’s always me, me, me with you and I have had enough. I don’t need this – you’re welcome to yourself, my dear.
​

 

[melika]

artificial
THESAURUS
artificial not real or natural, but made to look or work like something real or natural : artificial flowers | He was given an artificial heart.
synthetic made using chemical processes rather than by natural processes : synthetic fabrics | a synthetic version of the drug
man-made made by people – used especially about geographical features and materials : a man-made lake | man-made fibres
fake made to look or seem like something else, especially in order to deceive people : a fake passport | fake fur
imitation made to look like something, but not real – used especially about guns, jewellery, and leather : imitation firearms | imitation pearls
false artificial – used especially about teeth, eyelash es , and beard s : a set of false teeth
simulated not real, but made to look, sound, or feel real, especially by means of special computers or machines : a simulated space flight
virtual made, done, seen etc on a computer, rather than in the real world : a virtual tour of the garden ​

 

[melika]

bad
THESAURUS
bad not good : a bad idea | His behaviour is getting worse.
poor not as good as it could be or should be : A poor diet can lead to ill health. | his poor performance at school
not very good not good – often used instead of saying directly that something was ‘bad’, especially when you were disappointed by it : The film wasn’t very good.
disappointing not as good as you hoped or expected : Her exam results were disappointing. | a disappointing start to the campaign
negative bad – used when talking about the bad result or effect of something : All the publicity had a negative impact on sales. | the negative effects of climate change
undesirable formal bad and not wanted : The policy had some undesirable consequences. | drug abuse and other undesirable behaviour
unfavourable formal unfavourable conditions are not good for doing something : The boat race was cancelled because of unfavourable weather.
very bad
awful/terrible/dreadful especially British English very bad : The movie was awful. | Her house is in a terrible state. | a dreadful crime
horrible very bad, especially in a way that shocks or upsets you : He describes prison as ‘a horrible place’. | It was a horrible exprerience.
disgusting smelling or tasting very bad : The food was disgusting. | The fish smelled disgusting.
lousy / ˈlaʊzi / informal very bad or disappointing : The weather has been lousy all week. | I’m fed up with this lousy job.
ghastly / ˈɡɑːstli $ ˈɡæstli / British English informal very bad : I’ve had a ghastly day. | a ghastly mistake
severe severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc are very bad and serious : The country faces severe economic problems. | severe delays | He suffered severe head injuries in a car crash.
atrocious/appalling/horrendous extremely bad in a way that is shocking : Her behaviour has been absolutely atrocious. | The country has an appalling human rights record.
abysmal / əˈbɪzm ə l / very bad and of a very low standard : The team’s performance was abysmal. | the abysmal conditions in some prisons ​

 

[melika]

brave
THESAURUS
brave showing that you are not afraid to do things that other people find dangerous or difficult : I think he was incredibly brave to do a parachute jump. | a brave attempt to change the system
courageous / kəˈreɪdʒəs / especially written very brave – used especially about someone fighting for what they believe in, or fighting against a disease : a courageous speech | her courageous fight against cancer
daring brave and willing to take a lot of risks : a daring escape from a prison camp | a daring fighter pilot | a daring thing to do
bold willing to make difficult decisions or say what you think, even though it may involve risks : It was a bold move to set up his own company. | She was very bold in criticizing the leadership.
intrepid written willing to do dangerous things or go to dangerous places : an intrepid traveller | We sent our intrepid reporter to find out what is happening.
adventurous used about someone who enjoys going to new places and doing new, possibly dangerous, things : More adventurous visitors can go skiing or snowboarding.
fearless not afraid of anything or anyone : a fearless campaigner for human rights
heroic very brave and admired by many people : heroic rescuers | Despite heroic efforts to save him, he died.
plucky brave and determined – often used in newspapers : Plucky Megan, aged 10, has beaten cancer twice

 

[melika]

cheap
THESAURUS
cheap costing very little money, or less than you expected : My shoes were really cheap – they only cost £25. | The cheapest way to get to Chicago is to take the bus. | cheap flights
low low prices, rents, and fees do not cost a lot of money. Do not use cheap with these words : Why is the share price so low? | You could get equally good accommodation elsewhere at a lower rent.
inexpensive especially written not expensive – use this especially about things that are of good quality, even though they do not cost a lot : The furniture is inexpensive, but well made. | a simple inexpensive meal | a hotel that offers air-conditioned rooms at relatively inexpensive prices
reasonable a reasonable price seems fair because it is not too high : The restaurant serves good food at reasonable prices. | Only £25 a night? That sounds reasonable.
economical cheap because you do not need to use a lot of money or fuel : an economical car | It is usually more economical to buy in large quantities.
affordable cheap enough for most people to be able to buy or pay for : affordable housing | Single mothers often have trouble finding affordable childcare. | The shop sells designer fashions at affordable prices.
competitive competitive prices and rates are as low as those charged by other shops or companies : I think you’ll find our prices are extremely competitive. | The hotel offers a high standard of service at very competitive rates.
budget [ only before noun ] budget flights, airlines, hotels etc have specially low prices : You can get a budget flight to Amsterdam for only £19. | a list of budget hotels for under $50 a night | budget accommodation for families with young children
be good/great value to be worth at least the price you pay for it, so that you feel pleased and think you have spent your money well : The meals at Charlie’s Pizza are really good value. | The holiday is great value for money.
be a bargain informal to be extremely cheap : I got this shirt when I was in Indonesia. It was a real bargain.
COLLOCATIONS CHECK
low price/cost/rent/fee/charge
reasonable price/cost
economical car/way/method
affordable accommodation/housing/price
competitive price/rate
budget flight/airline/hotel/accommodation ​

 

[melika]

determined
THESAURUS
determined if you are determined to do something, you have decided that you are definitely going to do it, and you will not let anything stop you. Determined is also used about someone’s character, when they usually behave in this way : I was determined to be a doctor. | She’s a very determined woman.
stubborn determined not to change what you are doing, especially when other people think you are behaving in an unreasonable way. Stubborn is often used when you disapprove of someone. It is also sometimes used when you admire them : I wish you would stop being so stubborn! | Churchill’s stubborn refusal to surrender
single-minded someone who is single-minded works very hard in order to achieve one particular thing, and thinks that everything else is much less important : During a war, a leader must be single-minded and, if necessary, ruthless. | her single-minded pursuit of power
tough / tʌf / determined to succeed, even if a situation is difficult or frightening : In competitive sports, it is as important to be mentally tough as it is to be physically fit. | Gorelick is known as a tough manager.
firm showing by your behaviour that you are determined not to change your mind, especially when you are telling someone what to do : What this country needs is firm leadership. | You have to be firm with young children.
feisty determined and full of energy, and not afraid to say what you think and argue with people - used especially when you admire this person. Feisty is often used about women : In the film she plays a feisty young woman who is smarter than all the men put together. | a feisty kid with a mind of his own | the city’s feisty mayor
headstrong determined to do what you want, without listening to other people’s advice or thinking about the results of your actions - used especially about young people : Her sister was headstrong and impulsive, and made a point of going out whenever and wherever she liked.
resolute formal doing something in a very determined way because you have very strong beliefs, aims etc : the soldiers’ resolute defence of the town
tenacious formal determined and refusing to give up : McTaggart was seen by many in the environment movement as a tenacious hero. | his tenacious grip on power
dogged [ only before noun ] dogged behaviour shows that you are very determined and that you will not give up - used especially in the following phrases : dogged determination/persistence/resistance/refusal : The team played with dogged determination. | his dogged refusal to admit defeat | the dogged persistence of the defenders
persistent continuing to do something, although this is difficult, or other people warn you not to do it : If you want to get a job, you have to be persistent. Don’t give up.
strong-willed always very determined to do what you want to do, even if other people think it is not a good idea to do it : She has always been a strong-willed child.
ruthless / ˈruːθləs / someone who is ruthless is so determined to get what they want, that they do not care if they harm other people : a ruthless dictator | He was ruthless in his ambition.
mean business to be determined to do something and show other people that you are determined to do it, even if it involves harming someone : The one-day strike proved that the union meant business

 

[melika]

dirty
THESAURUS
dirty not clean : His clothes were untidy and he had dirty hands.
filthy very dirty : Each year filthy water causes millions of cases of illness.
muddy covered with mud : It had been raining hard and the path was muddy.
dusty covered with dust : the dusty shelves in the attic
greasy covered with oil or grease : Greasy food is bad for your health.
grubby ( also mucky British English ) informal fairly dirty and needing to be cleaned or washed : He was wearing a grubby white T-shirt. | mucky fingers
grimy covered with thick dirt or dirt that has been there a long time : I couldn’t see much out of the grimy windows of the train.
dingy / ˈdɪndʒi / looking dark, dirty, and unpleasant. Used about rooms, houses, and buildings : We worked in a dingy little office behind the station.
polluted used about land, water, or air that has been made dirty : 85% of city dwellers breathe heavily polluted air.
contaminated made dirty by a dangerous substance or bacteria : The virus is mainly spread through contaminated food.
squalid / ˈskwɒləd, ˈskwɒlɪd $ ˈskwɑː- / formal extremely dirty and unpleasant. Used about the place or conditions in which someone lives : People are living in squalid conditions, with little water and no sanitation.
unhygienic / ʌnhaɪˈdʒiːnɪk◂ $ -ˈdʒe-, -ˈdʒiː- / formal used about dirty conditions that are likely to cause disease, especially conditions in kitchens, restaurants, and hospitals : The food was prepared under unhygienic conditions.
unsanitary ( also insanitary British English ) formal used about dirty conditions that are likely to cause disease, especially because there is not a good system for getting rid of waste : People’s health is being threatened by overcrowded and insanitary homes. | They work for long hours in unsanitary conditions.
soiled formal made dirty, especially by waste from your body : Soiled nappies should be changed as quickly as possible

 

[melika]

dishonest
THESAURUS
dishonest behaving in a way that is intended to deceive people, for example by lying, cheating, or stealing : Are you accusing me of being dishonest? | The money was acquired through dishonest means. | People are no longer surprised to find that politicians are dishonest.
corrupt using your power in a dishonest way for your own advantage – used about people in official positions : corrupt politicians | Law and order has broken down, and most government officials are corrupt.
devious / ˈdiːviəs / good at secretly thinking of clever plans to trick people in order to get what you want : You have a very devious mind! | They use all kinds of devious methods to find out your personal details.
underhand British English , underhanded American English underhand methods involve secretly deceiving people in order to get what you want : In a series of underhand moves, Browne managed to gain control of the company.
sneaky doing or saying things secretly, in a way that seems wrong because it is slightly dishonest or unfair : It was pretty sneaky when the bank charged me interest on my account without telling me.
sly deliberately behaving in a way that hides what you are really thinking or doing, in a way that is slightly dishonest : Lucy decided not to tell him where she was going. She was often a bit sly like that. | He’s a sly old fox.
unscrupulous / ʌnˈskruːpjələs, ʌnˈskruːpjʊləs / using dishonest and unfair methods to get what you want, without caring if you harm other people : Some unscrupulous companies try to persuade people to borrow huge sums of money.
fraudulent / ˈfrɔːdjələnt, ˈfrɔːdjʊlənt $ ˈfrɒːdʒə- / formal deliberately deceiving people in an illegal way in order to gain money or power : You will be prosecuted if you make a fraudulent claim on your insurance policy.
seeming to be dishonest
suspicious if someone or something seems suspicious, they make you think that something dishonest or illegal is happening : The police are treating the boy’s death as suspicious.
dubious if something seems dubious, you think it may not be completely true, right, or honest : He has a rather dubious reputation. | It all sounds highly dubious to me. | the country’s dubious record on human rights
shady shady business deals or people seem to be dishonest or connected with secret and illegal activities : Several senior members of the party had been involved in shady deals. | a shady character
shifty someone who looks shifty looks as if they are doing or planning something dishonest : The man on the market stall looked a bit shifty when he gave me my change.
dodgy British English informal probably dishonest and not to be trusted – used especially to say that you do not want to be involved with someone or something : There’s something a bit dodgy about him. | dodgy business deals ​

 

[melika]

effect
THESAURUS
effect a change that is caused by an event, action etc : The people in this area are still suffering from the effects of the famine. | The treatment had little or no effect.
impact an effect that happens as a result of something important, especially a big and permanent effect : Changes in technology have had a massive impact on the way we work. | the environmental impact of industrial activity
influence the effect that something has on people’s opinions or behaviour, or on how something develops : American television has had a big influence on popular culture in the west. | His ideas had a lot of influence at the time.
side effect an unwanted and unplanned effect that something has – used especially about drugs and medical treatment : Common side effects of the drug may include headaches and muscle pains.
after-effects British English , aftereffects American English bad effects that continue for a long time after the thing that caused them : A traumatic experience can have severe psychological after-effects. | the after-effects of the war
repercussions / ˌriːpəˈkʌʃ ə ns $ -pər-/ / the effects that happen later as a result of an event or decision, especially a range of effects that continue for a long time : The scandal could have serious repercussions for her career. | The judge’s decision is likely to have important repercussions for future cases of this kind.
a knock-on effect British English used when something has an effect on something, which then has an effect on something else : Higher oil prices have a knock-on effect on other fuels.
footprint the effect that human activities have on the environment, caused by using up its natural resources, pollution, waste etc : Businesses all over the world must attempt to reduce their environmental footprint. | The house has a low carbon footprint (= it uses very little energy from carbon and therefore is good for the environment