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بله آپ جدیدش هست امیر جان
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مباحث عمومی هواشناسی
- شروع کننده موضوع Amir Mohsen
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بله آپ جدیدش هست امیر جان
Amir Mohsen
متخصص بخش هواشناسی
آرش جان
آخرین فریم آپدیش اینطوریه:
از منظر اروپا:
و اینهم از منظر منطقه ما:
پس در راه کشور ماست خدا رو شکر:گل:
[h=2]Posting Snow ObservationsSnowfall is a critical input to our water resources. Cold, winter storms can bring significant snowfall amounts to many higher elevation areas across Arizona. Snow will typically melt slowly into the spring, infiltrating deep into soils for vegetation to use into the hot spring months and also running off to provide baseflows for perennial streams. Your snowfall observations will help characterize complex patterns of snow depth and water content important for monitoring Arizona's water resources. Making snow observations is more complicated than simple rainfall measurements. This guide will help you decide what type of snow observations you may want to make and additional equipment you may need. (If you are really interested in the science behind snow and collecting snow observations, check out the The Snow Booklet by Dr. Nolan Doesken the Colorado State Climatologist. You can order a copy here.)There are two basic types of snow observations: snow depth and snow water equivalent. Snow depth is as simple as it sounds, but can vary depending on the period for which you are reporting (e.g. new accumulation in 24 hours vs. depth of snow on ground at any time). Snow water equivalent is the liquid water content of melted snow that has accumulated in your gauge (Tru-Chek, wedge gauges will only work for very small snowfall amounts, < 2 inches. See other gauge options below). This requires you to bring new snow that has accumulated in your gauge inside to melt and then report the depth of water in the gauge.There are several ways you can make and report snow observations for Rainlog.org. The simplest being a measure of snow depth in your backyard to collecting daily snow water equivalent measurements. Check out the following methods:
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[*=left][h=3]Method 1, Snow water equivalentMeasuring the liquid water content of snow is also done as a 24-hour observation at the standard 7 a.m. reporting time. This measurement requires that you bring your gauge with new accumulations of snow inside to melt. Report the melted snowfall amount as the total precipitation and mark the observation as 'snow' in the data quality section. Replace your gauge as soon as possible. [Equipment Note: The wedge shaped, Tru-Chek gauge is not ideal for measuring large snowfall amounts (>2 inches). If you live in an especially snowy area and are interested in measuring snow water equivalent, consider purchasing a rain gauge with a larger opening. A simple, cylinder gauge with a large 4" opening can be found at Forestry Suppliers Inc. or CSP Outdoors . This gauge has a funnel that can be removed for collecting snowfall. Snow in the outer cylinder can be melted and measured directly with the inner graduated cylinder].
[*=left][h=3]Method 2, Daily snow depth readingUse a yardstick to measure snow depth at a representative location on your property. A representative location should be free of overhanging trees and away from buildings. The measurement point should also be free of drifting snow and represent the average level of snow accumulation for the area. Take several measurements and report the average depth, if the snow accumulation of snow is irregular (e.g. drifting with bare spots). Try to make your measurements in the same location or locations each time. This measurement will track additional snow amounts storms as well as melting during warm periods.
[*=left][h=3]Method 3, New accumulation of snow in 24-hrsThis measurement uses a similar approach to Method 2, but requires an additional piece of equipment, a snow board. A snow board is a simple, wood board that can be used as a floating measuring surface for daily observations. You can make a snow board by purchasing an inexpensive piece of ply wood at a lumber yard or hardware store. The board only needs to be a 2x2 foot surface area. You can have your board cut to this dimension or sometimes purchase pre-cut board sizes with this dimension. Using your board for daily snowfall measurements is simple. If you are starting with bare ground, place your snow board on the ground and mark its location with a wooden stake or flag that is tall enough to stick up above the snow. After a snow event, make your 7 a.m. observation by measuring the snow depth on the board. Report this depth as the 24-hour snowfall accumulation. Dig out your snow board and place it on top of the newly fallen snow nearby. Replace the stake or flag to mark the new location of the board. The next morning, measure the depth of snow that has accumulated on top of the board. Clean off the board and repeat these steps each day to report new 24 hour accumulations of snow.
At a minimum, please consider reporting snow observations using Methods 1 and 2. This information is very helpful in characterizing snow depth amounts after storm events and into the spring when water resource management decisions are made.On the other hand, observations made with methods 1 and 3 provide useful information on the ratio of snow depth to water in a snowpack.Many thanks for your interest and participation in Rainlog.org and may your winter be snowy!
محمد بجنورد
کاربر ويژه
شب بر دوستان عزیز خوش..یا علی..:گل:
[h=2]Tips on Choosing a Rain GaugeAny type of simple, plastic rain gauge will do for this project. The rain gauge should be able to hold at least 6 inches of rainfall. Below are illustrations of several common types of home/garden rain gauges.
[*=left]Wedge Type – easier to read for smaller amounts of precipitation
[*=left]Simple Cylinder or Rectangular Catch – have basic construction and are inexpensive
[*=left]Funnel Catch
[*=left]Funnel Catch with overflow – very useful for monitoring individual precipitation events under 1". The overflow may evaporate over time.
[*=left]Electronic gauge
These type of rain gauges are relatively inexpensive ($10-$30) and can be found at most hardware/garden centers or online.Tipping bucket gauges ($40-$60) are also perfectly appropriate for Rainlog.org. A review of three inexpensive digital rain gauges taken from the Nov/Dec 2005 issue of Southwest Hydrology can be found here.
Contact us at help@rainlog.org if you have questions on buying a rain gauge or have trouble finding one.
[h=2]Reading the Tru-Chek GaugeContact us at help@rainlog.org if you have questions on buying a rain gauge or have trouble finding one.
Read the water level at the vertical line down the center of the gauge, to the nearest two decimal places (i.e. 0.35 inch). The smallest line divisions are hundredths of an inch for precipitation measuring 0.00″ to 0.20″, then two hundredths of an inch from 0.20″ to 1.00″, and finally five hundredths of an inch from 1.00″ to 6.00″. Within the 0.20″ to 1.00″ range, read to the nearest 0.01″ by counting measurements that are halfway between the lines.
[h=2]Installation GuidelinesThe most critical issue in collecting good rainfall data is the location of your gauge. Site your gauge in an open area away from obstructions such as trees or overhangs, and in an area protected from high winds. Mount your gauge on a post at a height of 3 to 5 feet with the gauge extending several inches beyond the post. Make sure that the top of the gauge is level. Make sure the post is not in an area where rainwater can indirectly splash from sheds, equipment, carports, etc. If you have a large area, consider installing several rain gauges.
Ideal rain gauge installation
Ideal rain gauge installation
[*=left]Mount gauge several inches above top of post
[*=left]Bevel top of post to prevent splash-in
[*=left]3 to 5 feet high
[*=left]Site the gauge away from trees, overhangs, and structures
[h=2]Reporting Monthly Rainfall Totals
Keeping a small amount of mineral oil in the gauge will retard evaporation over the day. The mineral oil will float on top of the rainfall as it accumulates in the gauge and form a barrier to evaporation.Note: The volume of mineral oil you add will depend on the type of gauge you are using. The surface area of the gauge opening is different depending on the size and shape of the gauge. A wedge-type gauge has increasing surface area with increased depth of rainfall , so be sure to add a volume of oil that will be sufficient to form a layer when the gauge is almost full. Filling an empty wedge-type gauge to 0.05″ appears to be enough oil to slow evaporation. Other cylinder/rectangular gauges should have a layer of oil that is 0.01″ thick. Experiment with what works best for your gauge.We suggest using mineral oil because it is non-toxic and relatively stable. It can be safely emptied with accumulated precipitation in your yard. Other oils may be toxic and not recommended. Mineral oil will break down in direct sunlight and at high temperatures. Keep an eye on the mineral oil amount and wash out your gauge each month to remove residues.
Amir Mohsen
متخصص بخش هواشناسی
و اینچنین است که سامانه 9 دسامبر فعالیتش رو با بارش برف از سمت شمال غرب آغاز خواهد کرد:
نمونه ثبت گزارش آب و هوا در سایت: http://rainlog.org
Comments provided during the year
Date | Precipitation | Comments |
|---|---|---|
01/02 | Low 11.9, high 39.5, clear and cold. | |
01/03 | Low 12.2, high 42.4, clear, cold. | |
01/04 | Low 10.6, high 34.6, clear and cold. | |
01/05 | Low 19.2, high 38.3, clear. | |
01/06 | Low 24.0, high 48.2, clear. | |
01/07 | Low 33.2, high 50.4 some high clouds. | |
01/08 | Low 18.6, high 45.4, clear. | |
01/09 | Low 20.5, 47.8, clear slight breezes. | |
01/10 | Low 33.6, high 52.5, light breeze, windy AM. | |
01/11 | 0.16 | Low 20.0, high 56.8, PM snow, windy. 0.15" Blowing snow made reading very difficult. |
01/12 | Low 11.6, high 36.5. clearing, wind and cold. | |
01/13 | 0.03 | Low 12.0, hifg 37.2, light PM snow, 03”, 1.o inch cold. |
01/14 | Low 8,9, high 28,7, clear crispy cold. | |
01/15 | Low 2.3, high 33.7, clear, colder. | |
01/16 | Low 12.6, high 31.5, clear and cold. | |
01/17 | Low 16.2, high 45.5, clear, slight breeze. | |
01/18 | Low 19.4, high 47.9, clear, calm. | |
01/19 | Low 20.3, high 46.1, clear cool. | |
01/20 | Low 23.2, high 49.5, light breeze, clear. |
برگرفته از: http://fallahtafti.blogfa.com/post-157.aspx
بررسی روند تغییرات آبدهی رودخانه های واقع در دشت مشهد Changes in River Discharge of Dasht Mashhad
روند تغییرات آبدهی ماهیانه رودخانه فریزی در محل ایستگاه موشنگ
روند تغییرات آبدهی سالیانه رودخانه فریزی در محل ایستگاه موشنگ دانلود کل مطلب :برچسب‌ها: روند تغییرات آبدهی, رودخانه, دشت مشهد, رودخانه رادکان, رودخانه فریزی
بررسی روند تغییرات آبدهی رودخانه های واقع در دشت مشهدبرای اندازه گیری میزان آبدهی رودخانه ها بایستی در یک مقطع مناسب از رودخانه ایستگاه آب سنجی احداث نمود.در کشور ما این کار بر عهده وزارت نیرو و شرکت آب منطقه ای می باشد. در اینجا قصد بر آن است که روند تغییرات آبدهی رودخانه های واقع در دشت مشهد مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. برای این منظور از داده های شرکت آب منطقه ای خراسان رضوی استفاده شده است. در ابتدا موقعیت ایستگاههای آب سنجی دشت مشهد مشخص و در نقشه 1 ارایه گردیده است.
موقعیت ایستگاههای آب سنجی دشت مشهد
در ادامه شکل های مربوط به روند تغییرات آبدهی این رودخانه ها در طول زمان ارایه شده است. در تمامی نمودارهای تغییرات آبدهی سالیانه، خط رفتار عمومی رودخانه (ترند نمودار-خط هبستگی) نشان داده شده است.
Amir Mohsen
متخصص بخش هواشناسی
هر چند که ازت دلخورم ولی اینهم قوچان.تقدیم بهت محسن جان
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هر چند که ازت دلخورم ولی اینهم قوچان.تقدیم بهت محسن جان
Sent from my SM-N900 using Tapatalk
:گل::گل::گل:
امیر عزیز من دوست دارم دوستان دوباره همه یکجا جمع بشن فقط همین
Amir Mohsen
متخصص بخش هواشناسی
بجنورد
Sent from my SM-N900 using Tapatalk
Sent from my SM-N900 using Tapatalk
Amir Mohsen
متخصص بخش هواشناسی
آرزوی قلبی من هم دقیقا همینه.:گل:
دلیل دلخوری من چیز دیگه است حالا فردا با هم صحبت میکنیم
Posting Snow Observations
Snowfall is a critical input to our water resources. Cold, winter storms can bring significant snowfall amounts to many higher elevation areas across Arizona. Snow will typically melt slowly into the spring, infiltrating deep into soils for vegetation to use into the hot spring months and also running off to provide baseflows for perennial streams. Your snowfall observations will help characterize complex patterns of snow depth and water content important for monitoring Arizona's water resources. Making snow observations is more complicated than simple rainfall measurements. This guide will help you decide what type of snow observations you may want to make and additional equipment you may need. (If you are really interested in the science behind snow and collecting snow observations, check out the The Snow Booklet by Dr. Nolan Doesken the Colorado State Climatologist. You can order a copy here.)There are two basic types of snow observations: snow depth and snow water equivalent. Snow depth is as simple as it sounds, but can vary depending on the period for which you are reporting (e.g. new accumulation in 24 hours vs. depth of snow on ground at any time). Snow water equivalent is the liquid water content of melted snow that has accumulated in your gauge (Tru-Chek, wedge gauges will only work for very small snowfall amounts, < 2 inches. See other gauge options below). This requires you to bring new snow that has accumulated in your gauge inside to melt and then report the depth of water in the gauge.There are several ways you can make and report snow observations for Rainlog.org. The simplest being a measure of snow depth in your backyard to collecting daily snow water equivalent measurements. Check out the following methods:
[*=left]Method 1, Snow water equivalent
Measuring the liquid water content of snow is also done as a 24-hour observation at the standard 7 a.m. reporting time. This measurement requires that you bring your gauge with new accumulations of snow inside to melt. Report the melted snowfall amount as the total precipitation and mark the observation as 'snow' in the data quality section. Replace your gauge as soon as possible. [Equipment Note: The wedge shaped, Tru-Chek gauge is not ideal for measuring large snowfall amounts (>2 inches). If you live in an especially snowy area and are interested in measuring snow water equivalent, consider purchasing a rain gauge with a larger opening. A simple, cylinder gauge with a large 4" opening can be found at Forestry Suppliers Inc. or CSP Outdoors . This gauge has a funnel that can be removed for collecting snowfall. Snow in the outer cylinder can be melted and measured directly with the inner graduated cylinder].
[*=left]Method 2, Daily snow depth reading
Use a yardstick to measure snow depth at a representative location on your property. A representative location should be free of overhanging trees and away from buildings. The measurement point should also be free of drifting snow and represent the average level of snow accumulation for the area. Take several measurements and report the average depth, if the snow accumulation of snow is irregular (e.g. drifting with bare spots). Try to make your measurements in the same location or locations each time. This measurement will track additional snow amounts storms as well as melting during warm periods.
[*=left]Method 3, New accumulation of snow in 24-hrs
This measurement uses a similar approach to Method 2, but requires an additional piece of equipment, a snow board. A snow board is a simple, wood board that can be used as a floating measuring surface for daily observations. You can make a snow board by purchasing an inexpensive piece of ply wood at a lumber yard or hardware store. The board only needs to be a 2x2 foot surface area. You can have your board cut to this dimension or sometimes purchase pre-cut board sizes with this dimension. Using your board for daily snowfall measurements is simple. If you are starting with bare ground, place your snow board on the ground and mark its location with a wooden stake or flag that is tall enough to stick up above the snow. After a snow event, make your 7 a.m. observation by measuring the snow depth on the board. Report this depth as the 24-hour snowfall accumulation. Dig out your snow board and place it on top of the newly fallen snow nearby. Replace the stake or flag to mark the new location of the board. The next morning, measure the depth of snow that has accumulated on top of the board. Clean off the board and repeat these steps each day to report new 24 hour accumulations of snow.At a minimum, please consider reporting snow observations using Methods 1 and 2. This information is very helpful in characterizing snow depth amounts after storm events and into the spring when water resource management decisions are made.On the other hand, observations made with methods 1 and 3 provide useful information on the ratio of snow depth to water in a snowpack.Many thanks for your interest and participation in Rainlog.org and may your winter be snowy!
تبریک.
میبینم که بچه های مشهد دیگه دارن رو شیوه های اندازه گیری مقدار برف و عمق برف کار می کنن. :سوت:
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